I have copied the following article from The Steelhead Site (
www.steelheadsite.com). It is a description of the history of Steelhead in Lake Michigan, and should give you a little background on where our fish come from. Ohio currently stocks the Little Manistee strain, and I think (but am not sure, please correct me) that Pennsylvania stocks Skamanias. Again, I think but am not sure, that Manistees run more in the spring and Skams more in the fall, but I am no expert. Anyway, since this describes the origins of our fish, its good reading. Enjoy.
History of Great Lakes Steelhead
OVERVIEW OF THE STEELHEAD
Of all our migratory species in the Great Lakes, the Steelhead is most like a rainbow trout. A Steelhead and a rainbow are almost one in the same species, they differ slightly from a genetic standpoint, but they differ greatly in their behavior and size.
The Steelhead is the most migratory of all species in the Great Lakes. Ocean run fish can cover a thousand of miles water before returning to their natal spawning habitat. The rainbow trout, however, spend their entire life in the stream that they were born in. The Steelhead of the Great lakes, start their life in the stream, but quickly head to the Great lakes to forage and grow-up They then return to their natal waters to spawn. After spawning, they return back to Lake and start the process over.
Here's another major difference: size. A Steelhead is a trout on steroids. Steelhead of the great lakes are between 2 and 10 times larger than most rainbow trout in size and weight.
The body profile, color and markings and beauty of the Steelhead and rainbow are very similar. Great Lakes Steelhead look like the rainbow trout, only much larger and stronger.
We have a near year round fishery for the four varieties of Steelhead in The Lake Michigan watershed that include the following strains:
Ganaraska
Skamania
Chambers Creek
Little Manistee or Michigan
Each of these strains has a different spawning run timing, that yield many and varied opportunities for catching the fish. In fact, some streams in our region offer up to three varieties per stream. This provides anglers with the ability to catch these great fish at different times and seasons on our waters.
Please refer to the Run Timing Chart Located Here for an illustration of general run timing of Great Lakes Steelhead, Trout and Salmon. It should be noted that many variables will effect fish run timing and the progression of migrations. Factors such as temperature, water flow, Great Lakes water level and the presence of other species all influence the runs of fish.
MICHIGAN STEELHEAD HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT
Michigan's Steelhead developed primarily from McCloud River strain in to what we now call Michigan Steelhead. Over the last 120 years, many strains have combined, evolved and contributed to the genetic development of the Michigan or Little manistee strain.
Michigan's Steelhead program began in 1876 with both hatchery and wild fish. Cambell's Creek and McCloud strains from California along with fish from the Klamath River in Oregon were first planted in the AuSable River. The success of the early program resulted in the planting of Steelhead into many tributaries throughout the state.
By 1903 Michigan was planting 800,00 fry that were widely distributed over 50 counties. 1908 saw plantings of over 1 million fish with numbers increasing to 2.5 million by 1911. 1914 planting were reaching nearly 5 million fish much of the stock coming from Michigan's Paris hatchery. These numbers were supplemented by 4 million wild fish from the Pine River.
Michigan's modern Steelhead program began in 1966. Eggs were taken from wild Manistee, Little Manistee and Platte River adults. Since, 1968, the Little Mainstee River has been the primary source Michigan Steelhead eggs. Today it supports annual runs of over 10,000 adults and is maintained entirely by natural reproduction. The facility on the Little Manistee produces over 5 million eggs each year that go to hatcheries in Michigan and other states. Recent creel studies have shown that many fish caught in Michigan waters are wild fish that have evolved and adapted well since the late 1800's. Michigan has come to the forefront of management and preservation of it's great resource in Steelhead.
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WISCONSIN STEELHEAD HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT
Wisconsin began it's program in 1884. The Fox river received McCloud and Crooks Creek strains from the Wisconsin fish Commission, while the region of Ashland County received fish from the US Fish Commission. The early plantings of fish met with limited success for the stream fisherman. Most of the surviving Steelhead were being harvested form Lake Michigan by the commercial fishing fleets.
In 1925, Wisconsin moved to protect the Steelhead by not allowing commercial pound net fishing for the chromers in Lake Michigan. Unfortunately for Wisconsin, most of the natural Steelhead reproduction at the time was on the Michigan side of the Lake.
By 1963, Wisconsin had committed itself to the Steelhead. Stockings at the time ranged from 10,000 to 600,000 yearlings annually. Fingerling programs saw stocking from 130,000 to 1,000,000 per year on Wisconsin tributaries.
Finally, in 1983 Wisconsin settled on three strain to comprise it's Steelhead program. Spring run Ganaraska from Ontario, Summer run Skamaina from Indiana, and fall/winter run Chambers Creek strain from the Lake Ontario region of New York State.
Today, many northern Wisconsin streams have substantial natural reproduction of the Steelhead. The success of the program is illustrated in a near 30% return to creel statistic that is boasted by Wisconsin's DNR fisheries managers.
INDIANA STEELHEAD HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT
The state of Indiana also began it's Steelhead program in the late 1800's. 1889 saw the first plantings of McCloud River strain into the St. Joseph River. The early plantings met with dismal success, and with only 3 tributaries to Lake Michigan, Indiana's initial attempts failed.
In 1968 Indiana tried again to introduce the Steelhead, this time with fish obtained from the Wisconsin DNR. This attempt only provided a very limited fishery and again looked like another failure for Indiana.
Enter the Skamania
Then in 1971 Washington's Skamania strain was introduced to Indiana tributaries. For the next decade the DNR struggled with the Steelhead, but found that the Skamania could handle the rigors of a managed fishery and adapted well to the hatchery environment. Increased funding and the deployment of new hatchery and management facilities gave the Indiana DNR the boost they needed. By 1982 the Indiana Skamania program had become a success, providing its tributaries with good numbers of returning fish, and Lake Michigan fisherman with a great summer sport Fishery. Today, Indiana's Skamania program is unmatched and provides the best summer Steelhead fishery in the Great Lakes. Their efforts and resulting success has positioned Indiana as the premier source for Skamania eggs, fry and fingerlings in the Great Lakes, if not in the entire US
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ILLINOIS STEELHEAD HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT
Finally we have the Illinois Steelhead contingency to Lake Michigan. The Illinois Steelhead program began in 1893 with the stocking of fish after the Chicago World's Fair. With no tributaries to Lake Michigan, Illinois was limited to stocking the harbors and Lakefront. With the successes of neighboring Wisconsin and Michigan, Illinois anglers received and indirect benefit. They were catching Steelhead in Illinois waters that had wandered from Wisconsin and Michigan. Since the mid to late 70's, Anglers along the lake front caught fair numbers of Steelhead, with no or little management of the Illinois Steelhead fishery. Then in 1987 the Illinois department of conservation planted 2400 Skamania and Arlee strain in Chicago and Waukegon. With no natal waters to call home, plantings along Illinois Lakefront were limited and the fish have little reason to return. In fact, fish planted in Waukegon and Chicago have been caught in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie respectively. A testament to the migratory nature of these great fish.
Since 1989 Illinois has planted about 50,000 fish annually at three locations along the lakefront: Waukegon, Highland Park and Burham Harbor. Many of the Steelhead are stock obtained from neighboring Indiana.
Now that you have a better understanding of the management of the Steelhead fishery in the Lake Michigan basin, let's move on to where you can find opportunities to hook-up with these silver bullets.
Now that you have a better understanding of the management of the Steelhead fishery in the Lake Michigan basin, you may want to move on to where you can find opportunities to hook-up with these silver bullets. For locations and tributaries that surround Lake Michigan visit the Locations Main Page Located Here.